To install DNS and Active Directory using the manual tools

Creating User Accounts

To create a user account

In a Wi-Fi network, computers with wifi network cards connect wirelessly to a wireless router. The router is connected to the Internet by means of a modem, typically a cable or DSL modem. Any user within 200 feet or so (about 61 meters) of the access point can then connect to the Internet, though for good transfer rates, distances of 100 feet (30.5 meters) or less are more common. Retailers also sell wireless signal boosters that extend the range of a wireless network.

Wifi networks can either be “open”, such that anyone can use them, or “closed”, in which case a password is needed. An area blanketed in wireless access is often called a wireless hotspot. There are efforts underway to turn entire cities, such as San Francisco, Portland, and Philadelphia, into big wireless hotspots. Many of these plans will offer free, ad-supported service or ad-free service for a small fee. San Francisco recently chose Google to supply it with a wireless network.

Wifi technology uses radio for communication, typically operating at a frequency of 2.4GHz. Electronics that are “WiFi Certified” are guaranteed to interoperate with each other regardless of brand. Wifi is technology designed to cater to the lightweight computing systems of the future, which are mobile and designed to consume minimal power. PDAs, laptops, and various accessories are designed to be wifi-compatible. There are even phones under development that would switch seamlessly from cellular networks to wifi networks without dropping a call.

New wifi technologies will extend range from 300 feet (91.5 meters) to 600 feet (183 meters) and beyond, while boosting data transfer rates. Most new laptops nowadays come equipped with internal wireless networking cards.

Install Internet Information Services and the FTP Service

Because FTP depends on Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS), IIS and the FTP Service must be installed on the computer. To install IIS and the FTP Service, follow these steps.

NOTE: In Windows Server 2003, the FTP Service is not installed by default when you install IIS. If you already installed IIS on the computer, you must use the Add or Remove Programs tool in Control Panel to install the FTP Service.

IIS and the FTP service are now installed. You must configure the FTP Service before you can use it.

Parameter(s):
command – Specifies the command to run on the local computer. If command is omitted, the local command prompt is displayed; type “exit” to return to ftp.

?

Displays descriptions for ftp commands. ? is identical to help.

Syntax: ? [command]

Parameter(s):
command – Specifies the name of the command about which you want a description. If command is not specified, ftp displays a list of all commands.

append

Appends a local file to a file on the remote computer using the current file type setting.

Syntax: append local-file [remote-file]

Parameter(s):
local-file – Specifies the local file to add.
remote-file – Specifies the file on the remote computer to which local-file will be added. If remote-file is omitted, the local filename is used for the remote filename.

ascii

Sets the file transfer type to ASCII, the default.

Syntax: ascii

Note
FTP supports two file transfer types, ASCII and binary image. ASCII should be used when transferring text files. See also binary.

In ASCII mode, character conversions to and from the network standard character set are performed. For example, end-of-line characters are converted as necessary, based on the target operating system.

bell

Toggles a bell to ring after each file transfer command is completed. By default, the bell is off.

Syntax: bell

binary

Sets the file transfer type to binary.

Syntax: binary

Note
FTP supports two file transfer types, ASCII and binary image. Binary should be used when transferring executable files. In binary mode, the file is moved byte-by-byte. See also ascii.

bye

Ends the FTP session with the remote computer and exits ftp.

Syntax: bye

cd

Changes the working directory on the remote computer.

Syntax: cd remote-directory

Parameter(s):
remote-directory – Specifies the directory on the remote computer to change to.

close

Ends the FTP session with the remote server and returns to the command interpreter.

Syntax: close

debug

Toggles debugging. When debugging is on, each command sent to the remote computer is printed, preceded by the string —>. By default, debugging is off.

Syntax: debug

delete

Deletes a single file on a remote computer. See also mdelete, which can delete multiple files.

Syntax: delete remote-file

Parameter(s):
remote-file – Specifies the file to delete.

dir

Displays a list of a remote directory’s files and subdirectories. See also mdir, which can list multiple directories.

Syntax: dir [remote-directory] [local-file]

Parameter(s):
remote-directory – Specifies the directory for which you want to see a listing. If no directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote computer is used.
local-file – Specifies a local file to store the listing. If not specified, output is displayed on the screen.

disconnect

Disconnects from the remote computer, retaining the ftp prompt.

Syntax: disconnect

get

Copies a remote file to the local computer using the current file transfer type. See also mget, which can copy multiple files.

Syntax: get remote-file [local-file]

Parameter(s):
remote-file
Specifies the remote file to copy.

local-file
Specifies the name to use on the local computer. If not specified, the file is given the remote-file name.

glob

Toggles filename globbing. Globbing permits use of wildcard characters in local file or path names. By default, globbing is on.

Syntax: glob

hash

Toggles hash-sign (#) printing for each data block transferred. The size of a data block is 2048 bytes. By default, hash mark printing is off.

Syntax: hash

help

Displays descriptions for ftp commands.

Syntax: help [command]

Parameter(s):
command – Specifies the name of the command about which you want a description. If command is not specified, ftp displays a list of all commands.

lcd

Changes the working directory on the local computer. By default, the working directory is the directory in which ftp was started.

Syntax: lcd [directory]

Parameter(s):
directory – Specifies the directory on the local computer to change to. If directory is not specified, the current working directory on the local computer is displayed.

literal

Sends arguments, verbatim, to the remote FTP server. A single FTP reply code is expected in return.

Syntax: literal argument [ …]

Parameter(s):
argument – Specifies the argument to send to the FTP server.

ls

Displays an abbreviated list of a remote directory’s files and subdirectories.

Syntax: ls [remote-directory] [local-file]

Parameter(s):
remote-directory – Specifies the directory for which you want to see a listing. If no directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote computer is used.
local-file – Specifies a local file to store the listing. If not specified, output is displayed on the screen.

mdelete

Deletes one or more files on a remote computer.

Syntax: mdelete remote-files [ …]

Parameter(s):
remote-files – Specifies the remote files to delete.

mdir

Displays a list of a remote directory’s files and subdirectories. Mdir allows you to specify multiple files.

Syntax: mdir remote-files [ …] local-file

Parameter(s):
remote-files – Specifies the directory for which you want to see a listing. Remote-files must be specified; type “-” to use the current working directory on the remote computer.
local-file – Specifies a local file to store the listing. Type “-” to display the listing on the screen.

mget

Copies one or more remote files to the local computer using the current file transfer type.

Syntax: mget remote-files [ …]

Parameter(s):
remote-files – Specifies the remote file(s) to copy to the local computer.

mkdir

Creates a remote directory.

Syntax: mkdir directory

Parameter(s):
directory – Specifies the name of the new remote directory.

mls

Displays an abbreviated list of a remote directory’s files and subdirectories.

Syntax: mls remote-files [ …] local-file

Parameter(s):
remote-files – Specifies the files for which you want to see a listing. Remote-files must be specified; type “-” to use the current working directory on the remote computer.
local-file – Specifies a local file to store the listing. Type “-” to display the listing on the screen.

mput

Copies one or more local files to the remote computer using the current file transfer type.

Syntax: mput local-files [ …]

Parameter(s):
local-files – Specifies the local files to copy to the remote computer.

open

Connects to the specified FTP server.

Syntax: open computer [port]

Parameter(s):
computer – Specifies the remote computer to connect to. Computer can be specified by IP address or computer name (a DNS or HOSTS file must be available). If auto-login is on (default), FTP also attempts to automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see Ftp command-line options to disable auto-login).
port – Specifies a port number to use to contact an FTP server.

prompt

Toggles prompting. Ftp prompts during multiple file transfers to allow you to selectively retrieve or store files; mget and mput transfer all files if prompting is turned off. By default, prompting is on.

Syntax: prompt

put

Copies a local file to the remote computer using the current file transfer type. See also mput, which can copy multiple files.

Syntax: put local-file [remote-file]

Parameter(s):
local-file – Specifies the local file to copy.
remote-file – Specifies the name to use on the remote computer. If not specified, the file is given the local-file name.

pwd

Displays the current directory on the remote computer.

Syntax: pwd

quit

Ends the FTP session with the remote computer and exits ftp.

Syntax: quit

quote

Sends arguments, verbatim, to the remote FTP server. A single FTP reply code is expected in return. Quote is identical to literal.

Syntax: quote argument [ …]

Parameter(s):
argument – Specifies the argument to send to the FTP server.

recv

Copies a remote file to the local computer using the current file transfer type. Recv is identical to get.

Syntax: recv remote-file [local-file]

Parameter(s):
remote-file – Specifies the remote file to copy.
local-file – Specifies the name to use on the local computer. If not specified, the file is given the remote-file name.

remotehelp

Displays help for remote commands.

Syntax: remotehelp [command]

Parameter(s):
command – Specifies the name of the command about which you want help. If command is not specified, ftp displays a list of all remote commands.

rename

Renames remote files.

Syntax: rename filename newfilename

Parameter(s):
filename – Specifies the file you want to rename.
newfilename – Specifies the new filename.

rmdir

Deletes a remote directory.

Syntax: rmdir directory

Parameter(s):
directory – Specifies the name of the remote directory to delete.

send

Copies a local file to the remote computer using the current file transfer type. Send is identical to put.

Syntax: send local-file [remote-file]

Parameter(s):
local-file – Specifies the local file to copy.
remote-file – Specifies the name to use on the remote computer. If not specified, the file is given the local-file name.

status

Displays the current status of FTP connections and toggles.

Syntax: status

trace

Toggles packet tracing; trace displays the route of each packet when running an ftp command.

Syntax: trace

type

Sets or displays the file transfer type.

Syntax: type [type-name]

Parameter(s):
type-name – Specifies the file transfer type; the default is ASCII. If type-name is not specified, the current type is displayed.

Note
FTP supports two file transfer types, ASCII and binary image.

ASCII should be used when transferring text files. In ASCII mode, character conversions to and from the network standard character set are performed. For example, end-of-line characters are converted as necessary, based on the destination’s operating system.

Binary should be used when transferring executable files. In binary mode, the file is moved byte-by-byte.

user

Specifes a user to the remote computer.

Syntax: user user-name [password] [account]

Parameter(s):
user-name – Specifies a user name with which to log in to the remote computer.
password – Specifies the password for user-name. If not specified, but required, ftp prompts for the password.
account – Specifies an account with which to log on to the remote computer. If account is not specified, but required, ftp prompts for the account.

verbose

Toggles verbose mode. If on, all ftp responses are displayed; when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are also displayed. By default, verbose is on.

Syntax: verbose

March 1, 2008 Posted by r0nan | Uncategorized | | No Comments | Edit

Client commands

 Client commands

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>! – Runs the specified command on the local computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>? – Displays descriptions for ftp commands

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>append – Appends a local file to a file on the remote computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>ascii – Sets the file transfer type to ASCII, the default

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>bell – Toggles a bell to ring after each file transfer command is completed (default = OFF)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>binary – Sets the file transfer type to binary

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>bye – Ends the FTP session and exits ftp

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>cd – Changes the working directory on the remote computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>close – Ends the FTP session and returns to the command interpreter

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>debug – Toggles debugging (default = OFF)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>delete – Deletes a single file on a remote computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>dir – Displays a list of a remote directory’s files and subdirectories

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>disconnect – Disconnects from the remote computer, retaining the ftp prompt

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>get – Copies a single remote file to the local computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>glob – Toggles filename globbing (wildcard characters) (default = ON)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>hash – Toggles hash-sign (#) printing for each data block transferred (default = OFF)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>help – Displays descriptions for ftp commands

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>lcd – Changes the working directory on the local computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>literal – Sends arguments, verbatim, to the remote FTP server

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>ls – Displays an abbreviated list of a remote directory’s files and subdirectories

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>mdelete – Deletes one or more files on a remote computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>mdir – Displays a list of a remote directory’s files and subdirectories

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>mget – Copies one or more remote files to the local computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>mkdir – Creates a remote directory

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>mls – Displays an abbreviated list of a remote directory’s files and subdirectories

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>mput – Copies one or more local files to the remote computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>open – Connects to the specified FTP server

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>prompt – Toggles prompting (default = ON)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>put – Copies a single local file to the remote computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>pwd – Displays the current directory on the remote computer (literally, “print working directory”)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>quit – Ends the FTP session with the remote computer and exits ftp (same as “bye”)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>quote – Sends arguments, verbatim, to the remote FTP server (same as “literal”)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>recv – Copies a remote file to the local computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>remotehelp – Displays help for remote commands

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>rename – Renames remote files

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>rmdir – Deletes a remote directory

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>send – Copies a local file to the remote computer (same as “put”)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>status – Displays the current status of FTP connections

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>trace – Toggles packet tracing (default = OFF)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>type – Sets or displays the file transfer type (default = ASCII)

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>user – Specifes a user to the remote computer

<!–[if !supportLists]–>· <!–[endif]–>verbose – Toggles verbose mode (default = ON)

As you’re starting the program from a DOS prompt:
ftp [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-w:windowsize] [computer]

• -v – Suppresses verbose display of remote server responses.
• -n – Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection.
• -i – Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.
• -d – Enables debugging, displaying all ftp commands passed between the client and server.
• -g – Disables filename globbing, which permits the use of wildcard chracters in local file and path names.
• -s:filename – Specifies a text file containing ftp commands; the commands will automatically run after ftp starts. No spaces are allowed in this parameter. Use this switch instead of redirection (>).
• -a – Use any local interface when binding data connection.
• -w:windowsize – Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 4096.
• computer – Specifies the computer name or IP address of the remote computer to connect to. The computer, if specified, must be the last parameter on the line.

How to Install the DHCP Service on an Existing Server

How to Configure the DHCP Service

After you have installed the DHCP service and started it, you must create a scope, which is a range of valid IP addresses that are available for lease to the DHCP client computers on the network. Microsoft recommends that each DHCP server in your environment have at least one scope that does not overlap with any other DHCP server scope in your environment. In Windows Server 2003, DHCP servers in an Active Directory-based domain must be authorized to prevent rogue DHCP servers from coming online. Any Windows Server 2003 DHCP Server that determines itself to be unauthorized will not manage clients.

How to Create a New Scope

Troubleshooting

The following sections explain how to troubleshoot some of the issues that you may experience when you try to install and configure a Windows Server 2003-based DHCP server in a workgroup.

Clients Cannot Obtain an IP Address

If a DHCP client does not have a configured IP address, this typically indicates that the client was not able to contact a DHCP server. This can be caused by a network problem, or because the DHCP server is unavailable. If the DHCP server started and other clients can obtain valid addresses, verify that the client has a valid network connection and that all the related client hardware devices (including cables and network adapters) are working properly.

The DHCP Server Is Unavailable

If a DHCP server does not provide leased addresses to clients, it is frequently because the DHCP service did not start. If this is the case, the server may not be authorized to operate on the network. If you were previously able to start the DHCP service, but it has since stopped, use Event Viewer to check the System log for any entries that may explain why you cannot start the DHCP service.

To restart the DHCP service:

-or-